How does a laser cutter work?
From: 本站 Date: 03rd September 2021 Author: shengangtong Views: 2365
In a CO2 laser cutter machine, the laser beam is created in a tube filled with CO2 gas. Next, with the help of mirrors and lenses, the laser beam is directed to the laser head and focused on the material surface. Electronically controlled motors move the laser head to cut or engrave the desired shape into the material of the workpiece. The shape is defined by an input file which can be a vector or raster image.
When the laser hits the material, a very small area is heated in an extremely short period, causing the material to melt, burn or vaporize.
What can you do with a laser cutter?
In general, there are three tasks that a laser cutter can perform: Cutting, Engraving and Marking.
Cutting
When the laser beam goes all the way through the material of the workpiece it creates a cut. A laser cut is generally very precise and clean. The look of the cut edges depends on the material. For example, the edges of cut wood are typical of a darker brown than the original wood. The edges of acrylic do not change color and have a nice glossy finish after laser cutting.
The kerf of a laser cutter is very small. The term kerf refers to the width of the groove made while cutting. This varies from material to material and is also dependent on the specific settings of the laser. For many materials, the kerf will be somewhere between 0.05 mm (0.002 in) and 0.5 mm (0.02 in).
Engraving
It is called engraving when the laser beam removes parts of the top material but does not cut all the way through the material.
Marking
Marking is when the laser does not remove material
but for example, changes the color of the material. With CO2 laser
cutters marking is mostly used when working with metals.
A marking
solution (e.g. CerMark or Enduramark) is applied on the surface of the
workpiece. After drying of the marking solution an engraving is
performed. The heat from the laser bonds the solution to the metal,
resulting in a permanent mark.
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